Pulmonary Markers of Epithelial Cell Activity and Injury in Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Airway Epithelial Injury Drives Fibroblast Activation: A Mechanism in Chronic Lung Allograft Dysfunction

Bacterial infections after lung transplantation cause airway epithelial injury and are associated with an increased risk of developing bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome. The damaged epithelium is a source of alarmins that activate the innate immune system, yet their ability to activate fibroblasts in the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome has not been evaluated. Two epithelial ala...

Regulatory T Cell Subtypes and TGF-β1 Gene Expression in Chronic Allograft Dysfunction

Background: Regulatory T cells have been suggested to have a protective role against acute rejection in allograft recipients. However, there is little information available about their contribution to chronic rejection process. The role of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF- β1) as a profibrogenic and/or immunoregulatory cytokine in renal allografts is also controversial. Objectives: To eva...

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction: evolving practice.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) was recently introduced as an overarching term covering different phenotypes of chronic allograft dysfunction, including obstructive CLAD (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome), restrictive CLAD (restrictive allograft syndrome) and graft dysfunction due to causes not related to chronic rejection. In the present review, we will highlight t...

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction following lung transplantation: challenges and solutions

Statins and Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease

Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is a chronic multisystem disease with a considerable burden. One of its most common complications is pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). It has been demonstrated that the development of PAH is correlated with decreased quality of life and survival. Different medications have been proposed for the treatment of PAH, among which one can name statins. Howeve...